Overview of reservoir simulation of unconventional reservoirs. Chapter 3material balance applied to oil reservoirs 3. Petroleum reservoir engineering, material balance equation calculations mbe by tom blasingame. Natural fractured reservoir engineering phdg textbooks in preparation, intended to be issued during 2015. This name has been chosen to contrast with the traditional material balance procedure, which relies on static reservoir pressure data. Estimate initial hydrocarbon volumes in place predict future reservoir performance. Material balance applied petroleum reservoir engineering. The new, generalized material balance equation leads to an improved method of reservoir performance analysis. Material balance is an important concept in reservoir engineering since it is a. Material balance archives applied petroleum reservoir.
The graphical simplicity of this method makes it popular. The book begins with an introduction to key terms and an introduction to the history of reservoir engineering. The derivation of the material balance equation is based on several assumptions. Well cover calculating gas in place using the material balance.
Tpg4150 reservoir recovery techniques 2017 material balance equations department of petroleum engineering and applied geophysics professor jon kleppe norwegian university of science and technology august 21, 2017 6 material balance equation for a closed gas reservoir the material balance equation for a closed gas reservoir is very simple. Feb 26, 20 petroleum reservoir engineering, material balance equation calculations mbe by tom blasingame. The general material balance equation relates the original oil, gas, and water in the reservoir to production volumes and current pressure conditions fluid properties. Pe281 applied mathematics in reservoir engineering these notes were to developed accompany the lecture material for pe281. The material balance provides reservoir engineers a great deal of insight in knowing the initial hydrocarbon in place, how much hydrocarbon can be produced at. The key concepts are best learned by problem solving. The equation mathematically defines the different producing mechanisms and effectively relates the reservoir fluid and rock expansion to the subsequent fluid withdrawal. Material balance equation mbe is seen by the reservoir engineers as the basic tool for interpreting and predicting the performance of reservoirs.
This new mbe is a result of theoretical research that is validated using experimental data. The calculation is most vulnerable to many of its underlying assumptions early in the depletion. Enhancing the material balance equation for shale gas reservoirs. Accessing and downloading materials from library live tutorial for oncampus and distancelearning students texts. For those who wish to wade deeper, see references at the end. Chapter eight the material balance equation mbe the material balance equation mbe has long been recognized as one of the basic tools of reservoir engineers for interpreting and predicting reservoir performance. For many gas reservoirs, a simple material balance equation can be derived on the basis of the following assumptions. Chierici gl 1985 petroleum reservoir engineering in the year 2000.
Mar 06, 2018 material balance relations for gas and compressible liquid system. It is written from start of production to any time t as follows. Until well into the 1950s it was the only means of determining the production drive mechanism in oil and gas reservoirs, and of predicting their behaviour. The magnitude of various factors in the material balance equation indicates the relative contribution of different drive mechanisms at work in the reservoir. Reservoir engineering for geologists was originally published as a fourteenpart series. Reservoir engineering techniques for forecast, reserves estimation and reservoir behaviour prediction analogues decline curves analysis material balance reservoir simulation reservoir simulation background. Material balance can be used to predict future reservoir performance and aid in estimating cumulative recovery efficiency. Material balance analysis is an interpretation method used to determine original fluidsinplace ofip based on production and static pressure data. Canadian institute of mining, metallurgy and petroleum, 2004. Well test analysis the use of advanced interpretation models, by dominique bourdet. At a later time, t, reservoir pressure is assumed to have been reduced from p i to p from production of oil, water, and gas.
The most important development in petroleum engineering during the last decade has been the extensive use of reservoir simulators for simulating complex problems which could not have been solved by conventional material balance methods. Material balance has long been used in reservoir engineering practice as a simple yet powerful tool to determine the original gas in place g. Discretization and gridding in reservoir simulation 2. Material balance calculations a general material balance equation that can be applied to all reservoir types was first developed by schilthuis in 1936. Oil and gas recovery mechanisms and the generalized material balance equation 6 weeks hadi nasrabadi february. Solution to the mbe is put to a predictive use for predicting reservoir performance, i. A general material balance equation that can be applied to all reservoir types was first developed by schilthuis in 1936. Material balance relations for gas and compressible liquid system. This marks the time when reservoir engineering emerged from within petroleum engineering as a recognised science in its own right. Estimate the parameters used on the material balance equation using tarner equation and straight line method. Describes basic reservoir engineering goals and the tools and resources employed by reservoir engineers. The material balance approach vs reservoir simulation as an. Initial adsorbed gas in place, ga initial free gas in place, gf create an equation that generates a linearline.
The general material balance equation gmbe as developed in this book is based on an oil reservoir with a primary gas cap at initial conditions and reservoir pressure designated as p i. It is based on the law of mass conservation applied to a reservoir at large by considering it as a large tank at a uniform pressure. Material balance concept, fundamental flow lecture3. Material balance calculations using the excel spreadsheet introduction material balance is a fundamental petroleum reservoir engineering tool that can be used to provide an understanding of a reservoir. A new and improved material balance equation for retrograde. Although it is a tank model equation, it can provide great insight for the practicing reservoir engineer. Material balance is a fundamental petroleum reservoir engineering tool that can be used to provide an understanding of a reservoir and the influence of any connecting aquifer. They are routinely used co estimate oil and gas reserves and predict. Gas material balance equations general material balance formulation from dake withdrawal. Material balance analysis is an interpretation method used to determine original fluids in place ofip based on production and static pressure data. Cbe2124, levicky 1 chapter 4 material balances note. Oil and gas reservoir material balance programs using the microsoft excel spreadsheet.
Heriot watt university, reservoir simulation course numerical methods in reservoir simulation. The gas 720 reservoir engineering handbook figure 111. The material balance approach to reservoir engineering is covered in detail and is. The information in this document is subject to change as major improvements andor amendments to the program are generated. Describes the behavior of gas and gas condensate reservoirs, using the real gas equation of state and the pz versus cumulative production approaches. The material balance equation can be simplified, as all the terms for oil production, liquid expansion and rock expansion can be neglected. The material balance approach to reservoir engineering is covered in detail and is applied in turn to each of four types of reservoirs.
The material balance equation calculation is based on changes in reservoir conditions over discrete periods of time during the production history. The basic requirements for the application of material balance to a reservoir include. In this work, a reservoir simulation study is conducted for a nonvolumetric gas reservoir with different aquifer sizes so a correlation was developed for estimating the size of an underlying aquifer from material balance. A new and improved material balance method by which the original dry gas in place and the original condensate in place can be calculated for a retrograde gas condensate reservoir has been formulated. Instead of a single number, it allows the geologist to.
See chapter 3 of applied petroleum reservoir engineering third edition for the derivation. Proportional average of all volumes mixed together the most commonly used variables in material balance equations are. Multiphase situations, types of oil and gas reservoirs, reservoir drive mechanisms, the basics of material balance and decline curve analysis, and reserve definitions will also be. Above bubble point note that water influx is in cumulative reservoir barrels. Material balance, is an application of conservation of mass to gain a good understanding of reservoir and production systems which will lead to reliable simulation studies. Material balance calculation an overview sciencedirect topics.
Material balance calculations using the excel spreadsheet introduction material balance is a fundamental petroleum reservoir engineering tool that can be used to provide an understanding of a reservoir and the influence of any connecting aquifer. The conventional format of the gas material balance equation is the simple straight line plot of pz vs. To have generated such large quantities of gas, shale needs to be rich in organic matter. Types of material balance problems first let us look at the types of material balance problems that arise in chemical engineering. Material balance calculations for gas reservoirs for a singlephase gas reservoir, the mb equation takes the form. Material balance concept the development of the general oil material balance equation can be found in any petroleum reservoir engineering textbook including applied petroleum reservoir engineering b. In a batch process, raw materials are fed into the process at the outset. Be sure to read carefully through all the examples in this chapter.
The materialbalance equation is the simplest expression of the conservation of mass in a reservoir. Dec 19, 2014 the material balance equation was derived in order track the production of oil, gas and water. Greg king if all of the assumptions inherent in the development of equation 4. The material balance equation assignment help petroleum. The material balance equation mbe is a versatile analytical tool in petroleum reservoir engineering. Gas material balance equations general material balance formulation from dake withdrawal function of reservoir pressure oil. Material balance techniques are used to estimate hydrocarbons in place ooip and ogip from measurements of fluid production and the resultant change in reservoir pressure caused by that production. Participants will also learn about fluid and rock properties used in reservoir engineering applications and the fundamental concepts of fluid flow in porous media. Advanced reservoir engineering offers the practicing engineer and engineering student a full description, with worked examples, of all of the kinds of reservoir engineering topics that the engineer will use in daytoday activities. Material balance equations are used to derive formulations of muds, to calculate the amount of barite needed to weightup a mud, to determine the amount of water needed to dilute a mud, and to find the volume of two or more muds to mix together to achieve a new mud weight and volume.
This paper explains the general material balance equation for gas condensate reservoirs with detailed considerations of relevant pvt standard properties especially below the saturation pressure. This technique allows tracking reservoir pressure and fluid characteristics changes as a function of time, providing accurate well and field production forecast and a reserves estimate. Discusses major drive mechanisms and the calculation of oip using material balance equations. Tarek ahmed, in reservoir engineering handbook fifth edition, 2019. Material balance plot for a volumetric, undersaturated crude oil reservoir source. The material balance equation is directly linked to original gas in place.
The general material balance equation relates the original oil, gas, and water in the reservoir to production volumes and current pressure conditions. The material balance method is a fundamental reservoir engineering tool for the evaluation of past and future global reservoir performance. Applied petroleum reservoir engineering, third edition book. The value and the degree of sophistication of such simulators will increase in the years to come. Material balance equations provide a relationship between original fluids in place, cumulative fluid production, and average reservoir pressure. The material balance equation was derived in order track the production of oil, gas and water. Oil recovery mechanisms and the material balance equation, reservoir engineering handbook, p. Department of petroleum engineering and applied geophysics. Various formulations of the material balance equation can be sourced in any of the references cited. Material balance calculations for petroleum reservoirs in 1936, schilthuis developed a general material balance equation that can be applied to all reservoir types. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Material balance equation an overview sciencedirect topics. Numerical reservoir simulation uses material balance and fluid flow theory to predict fluid. Material balance calculations using the excel spreadsheet. The technique requires accurate estimates of fluid properties, production volumes, and reservoir pressure. Be familiar with reservoir engineering aspects and definitions. Lsu ces past data oil and gas reservoir material balance programs. In order to consider production of an unconventional gas reservoir, a sufficient amount of gas in place within the reservoir is a concern. Flow equations for flow in porous materials are based on a set of mass. For shale, this usually means it is a hydrocarbon source that generated large volumes of either thermal or biogenic gas. W1 density of first material v2 volume of second material to be mixed together w2 density of second material vf total or sum of all volumes mixed together wf density of total mixture. Rrreeesssererervvvoir engoir engoir engininineeeering for. Material balance calculation an overview sciencedirect. The material balance approach vs reservoir simulation as. If we know the original oilinplace from either the volumetric method or the material balance method, then we can use equation 4.
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